how to disable WordPress rest api

Disabling the WordPress REST API

The WordPress REST API provides a powerful interface for developers to interact with sites remotely by sending and receiving JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) objects. This API enables developers to create, read, update, and delete data on a WordPress site from any client that can send HTTP requests. However, there are scenarios where disabling or limiting the WordPress REST API can enhance security by reducing potential attack vectors, particularly on websites that do not need external applications to manage content.

Understanding the Scope and Risks

The REST API in WordPress exposes a set of routes that can be accessed publicly, allowing details such as users, posts, and settings to be manipulated. While this is fundamental for advanced features and integrations, it poses security risks if not adequately secured, e.g., unauthorized data access, DDoS attacks, and brute force attacks.

Methods to Disable the WordPress REST API

1. Complete Disablement via Plugin:

For those who prefer not to touch code, plugins like “Disable REST API” are available. Such plugins provide a user-friendly interface without the need for coding. Once installed, they can completely disable the REST API or limit it to authenticated users.

2. Partial Restriction through functions.php:

For fine-grained control, modify the functions.php of your theme. Here’s a basic snippet to disable JSON API for all users, except authenticated ones.

add_filter('rest_authentication_errors', function ($access) {
    if (!is_user_logged_in()) {
        return new WP_Error('rest_cannot_access', 'Only authenticated users can access the REST API.', array('status' => rest_authorization_required_code()));
    }
    return $access;
});

This code checks if the user is logged in before allowing API access. If not logged in, it will deny access to the REST API.

3. Disabling JSON API using .htaccess:

Another approach involves modifying the .htaccess file if you are on an Apache server. Insert the following code to block the REST API:

# Disable WordPress JSON API

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^(.*)?wp-json/ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ - [F,L]

This method effectively blocks access to any request containing wp-json in the URL, thus disabling the API’s functionality.

4. Deactivation via wp-config.php:

Adding the following line to your wp-config.php file disables many aspects of the REST API:

define('REST_API_ENABLED', false);

However, note that this approach is not officially part of WordPress core settings and may depend on specific themes or plugins.

Security Best Practices

While disabling the REST API might enhance security, it’s crucial also to adopt comprehensive strategies:

• Keep WordPress Updated: Regular updates include security enhancements that protect against vulnerabilities.
• Use Quality Hosting: A good hosting provider will offer robust security measures to help protect your website.
• Install Security Plugins: Plugins like Wordfence or Sucuri provide firewall and malware scanning functionalities.
• Regular Backups: Ensure that you regularly back up your WordPress site. This practice protects you from data loss in case of an attack or a malfunction.

Monitoring and Maintenance

Disabling the WordPress REST API should come with ongoing monitoring and maintenance to ensure that it does not interfere with site functionality or plugin requirements. Regularly review website logs and performance indicators. Adjust your security measures as new threats emerge and as WordPress continues to evolve.

Conclusion

Disabling the WordPress REST API is a strategic decision that should be aligned with your specific website needs and security considerations. By carefully implementing one of the methods described and maintaining a proactive security posture, you can significantly reduce potential risks while ensuring your website remains functional and secure.